篇一：浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作
一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Hey IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
（原创范文，仅供参考(转自：wWw.zUOwenzHoukan.com 作文 周刊:英语续写)）
One possible version：
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)
【范文点拨】
(一)要点分析
1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
e skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。
2．第二段主要谈到了在16世纪，人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世纪之前，人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地总结了这些要点。
3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”
4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同，On the contrary引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得了一些支持。范文中的要点4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。
(二) 要点连接
文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小编认为，此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。
(三) 关键词汇
第一段：fixed (确定的；不变的)第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon (……之后；立即)第三段：long-lived (长期存在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) 第四段：warn sb off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gain some ground (取得优势)
以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键，如果不能准确领会其用意，语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。所以，概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，形成概要。
二、题型解读
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；
（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
（3）上下文的连贯性；
（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2考查能力
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
3写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
4.备考建议
概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意以下几点：
（1）积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。
（2） 进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如：
记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how
议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)
说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
新闻： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs
综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况，也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—读后续写
第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he w
ying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said.
“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthuand then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitc抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound ossengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?” He thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” _____________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
篇二：续写英语 (2)
续写Jellyfish shoes
Many years came and went.Laura became an elegant lady and left the seaside and went to live in a big city.She married a successful man with a little girl. And she had a lot of pressure of the family and work.The memories of the deep deep sea and jelly fish shoes slowly melted away.
One day,her daughter was reading a book about the seaside.The picture is not only big, but also beautiful. The green trees and golden shore caught her attention.And she couldn’t get them out of her mind.She asked her mother if they can go to the seaside at summer vacation. And Laura said yes.
Her daughter counted all day and all night.
So did she.
And today’s the day they’ve been waiting for.Her daughter can’t help creaming excitedly.Because the reality of the seaside is even more beautiful than the pictures.The memories of childhood crowd in on Laura just like the waves crowd in on shore.Her brother:the beautiful liar, the jellyfish workers, her nightmare.All pop up then dash into million stars in the night sky.
She opens her eyes,slowly says:
“Here is the deep deep sea where I belonged.”
篇三：英语小故事(需要续编)
Six consecutive days of spring rain had created a raging river running by Nancy Brown’s farm. As she tried to herd her cows to higher ground, she slipped and hit her head on a fallen tree trunk. The fall knocked her out for a moment or two. When she came to, Lizzie, one of her oldest and favorite cows, was licking her face. The water was rising. Nancy got up and began walking slowly with Lizzie. The water was now waist high. Nancy’s pace got slower and slower. Finally, all she could do was to throw her arm around Lizzie’s neck and try to hang on. About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to successfully pull herself and Nancy out of the raging water and onto a bit of high land, a small isla nd now in the middle of acres of white water.
一连六天的春雨使得南茜。布朗的农场旁形成了一条汹涌的河流。她尝试着将牛赶到较高的地方时,她滑倒了,头撞到了一截掉落的树干。她晕了过去，当她醒来时,莉茜(南茜的牛群中最老、最喜欢她的一头牛）正在舔她的脸。水面不断升高。南茜站了起来,开始和莉茜慢慢走。水位现在已经到了腰部。南茜的步伐越来越慢。最后,她只能将自己的手臂环绕在莉茜的脖子上,试着支撑住。大约20分钟后,莉茜成功地成功地将它自己及南茜拉出湍急的河水,到达一个较高的地方,那地方现在在一个一英亩的小岛中间。
篇四：英语读后续写
一、读后续写（25分）
A farmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he had no money. He had
to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next morning he took two baskets of vegetables
to town. But it was raining hard that afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his
vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village.
On his way home he saw a person lying on the snow. He placed his baskets on the ground and
was going to help the person to get up. At that time he found it was a dead man and there was much
blood on his body. He was so afraid that he ran away quickly, without taking the baskets with him.
The next afternoon the farmer was sent to the police station. Having shown the baskets, an
officer asked, “Are these yours” “Yes, sir.” the farmer answered timidly（胆怯地）. “Have you
killed the man” “No, no, sir.” the farmer said in a hurry. “When did you see the dead man”
“About seven last evening.” “Did you see who killed the man” “No, sir.” The officer brought
out a knife and asked, “Have you seen it yet” “No, sir.” The officer became angry and told the
policemen to beat him up and sent him into prison. the officer wanted to trap the farmer into the
confession(供认), but the farmer didn’t admit he was the murderer.
注意：
1. 所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again.
The farmer was lucky .A few days later,
Possible answer:
Paragraph 1
The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. The farmer was very
afraid, he thought he would be sentenced to death by killing people, but he didn’t, he was innocent.
He must tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice. he hoped that someone could come
and save him.
Paragraph 2
The farmer was lucky .A few days later, a young man came to the police station with a lot of
journalists, saying that he saw the murderer. It was the police officer who killed the man on the snow!
He saw the police office used a knife killing the man late in the evening. he was so frightened and ran
away. But the young man thought the farmer was innocent. So he took the great courage to expose
the real criminal. After the investigation, the young man was right. The police officer was sent into
prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired, and the brave young man was regarded
as the hero by the villagers
二、 读后续写（25分）
I was responding to a call from a small brick flat in a quiet part of town. I assumed I was being sent to
pick up some party-goers，or someone who had just had a fight with a lover，or a worker heading to
an early shift at some factory for the industrial part of town.
When I arrived at 2：30 a.m.， the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor
window. Under such circumstances， many drivers just honk（按喇叭） once or twice，wait a minute，
then drive away. But I had seen too many weak people who depended on taxis as their only means of
transportation.
Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to the door.
This passenger might be someone who needs my assistance，I reasoned to myself. So I walked to
the door and knocked. “Just a minute，” answered a frail，elderly voice. I could hear something
being dragged across the floor. After a long pause，the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood
before me. She was wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat ，like somebody out of a 1940s movie. By
her side was a small nylon suitcase.
The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with
sheets. There were no clocks on the walls， no equipment on the counters. In the corner was a
cardboard box filled with photos and glassware.
“Would you carry my bag out to the car？” she said. I took the suitcase to the cab，then
returned to assist the woman. She took my arm，and we walked slowly toward the cab.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It's nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my
passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Having given me an address, a hospice , she asked. “Could you drive through downtown?”
Paragraph 2: we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it?
Paragraph 1:
Having given me an address, a hospice , she asked. “Could you drive through downtown?”
Asked why we didn’t take the shortest way, the small woman told me it was the last chance for her
to visit the city. We drove through the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Besides,
she asked me to slow in front of a particular building or corner and would sit staring into the
darkness, saying nothing. At last, she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice.
Paragraph 2:
we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it was a low building,
where the old lady would live the rest of her life. Two nurses who must have been expecting her
came out to the cab as soon as we pulled up. I opened the trunk and took the suitcase to the door
and the woman was already seated in a wheelchair. When she asked how much she owed me,
without thinking, I said nothing and bent to give her a bug . It was my assistance that helped one of
weak people realize her wish.
三、读后续写（25分）
My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were limited,
and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the
price was beyond our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look at least.
We finally did and it was love at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a
quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the
warmth and happiness of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained
too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it
would be like to live there.
Days later, we made a(n) offer—far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t laugh at us.
They renewed their offer instead. It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the
original asking price.
The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
Even so, we decided to talk with the owners directly. We made our final offer, which still was
thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, but we had to try. Nobody knew
if we could get it.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 1
We went to the owners’ home after we made our final offer, the other buyer came to visit the
owners, he said the price he offered was much higher than ours, he begged the owners to sell it to
him, then the owner asked the buyer, “why do you want this house?” the buyer said ,” because
it is near the city, I want to buy it for investment. I can rent it to earn money?” the owner thought
for a while and then looked at him and said, I’m sorry, sir, I can’t sell my house to you, because I am
looking for someone who truly loves my house, not just for money.”
Paragraph 2:
The owner looked at us and said, “ I want to sell my house to you!” then he explained: He’d seen
us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d
appreciate the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by
selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to
consider the difference in the price “an early wedding present.” That’s how we found our home
and how I learned that when people are kind they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet
met.
另一个购房者来到房主家，他说他出的价格要比我们高很多，他请求房主把房子卖给他，然后
房主问他你为什么要卖我的房子 那个购房者说 因为房子在城市附近，我想卖了投资，我可以
出租赚钱。那房主想了一会儿然后看着他说。对不起先生我不能把我的房子卖给你，因为我要
找一个真正爱我的房子的人，不只是钱的问题。他知道把房子卖给我们他要损失一笔钱，但这
是值得的，我们就是他们想要局长在这所房子的人，他告诉我们他就当把这差价作为我的结婚
礼物。那就是我们找到家的过程，我也从中学到当人们山里的时候，他们就不是陌生人，只是
我们还没遇见的朋友。
那个房主又看着我们说，我想把我的房子卖给你们，然后他解释说他看见我们一直坐在湖边，
他知道我们是多么爱这个地方我们赞赏他们这些年对这座房子所投入的工作，他意识到把房子
卖给我们他将损失很多，但这是值得的，我们是他们想让我们住在哪儿的人，他告诉我们那个
差价作为我们结婚的礼物。
四、读后续写（25分）
A friend of mine, named Jack, received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On
Christmas Eve when Jack came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining
car. “Is this your car, sir?” he asked. Jack answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.”
The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing? Sir, I
wish?”He hesitated(犹豫),Jack thought of course he knew what the boy wanted, but what the boy
said surprised him greatly. “I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Jack
looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?” “Oh
yes, I’dlove to ,”the boy answered.
After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Sir, would you mind driving in
front of my house?”
Jack smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that
he could ride home in a big car. But Jack was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps
are?” the boy asked.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
He got out and ran up to the steps.
Paragraph 2
Jack got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car.
Paragraph 1
He got out and ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Jack heard him coming back, but he was not
coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled(残疾的)brother. He sat down on the step and pointed
to the car.
“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’
t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it?then you can see for yourself
all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about”
Paragraph 2
Jack got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in
beside him and the three began an unforgettable holiday ride., looking at all those beautiful things.
That Christmas Eve ,Jack learned the real meaning of the words: “It’s more blessed to give than to
receive.” He also learned what it means to be “an elder brother like that.”
五、读后续写（25分）
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 a. m.
When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor
window.
I walked to the door and knocked, "Just a minute," answered a weak, elderly voice.
After a long time, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side
was a small suitcase.
I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we
walked slowly towards the car.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. "It's nothing," I told her. "I just try to treat my passengers
the way I would want my mother treated."
"Oh, you're such a good man." She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and
then asked, "Could you drive through downtown?"
"It's not the shortest way," I answered quickly.
"Oh, I'm in no hurry," she said. "I'm on my way to a hospice (临终医院). I don't have any family left.
The doctor says I don't have very long. "
I quietly reached over and shut off the meter (计价器). For the next two hours, we drove
through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where
she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as
a girl.
Sometimes she'd ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into
the darkness, saying nothing.
At dawn, she suddenly said, "I'm tired. Let's go now." We drove in silence Lo the address she
had given me.
"How much do I owe you?" she asked.
"Nothing." I said.
"You have to make a living," she answered. "Oh, there are other passengers," I answered. She said
thanks to me, but she looked so sad.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug.
Paragraph 2
I was on my way to visit her.
Possible answer:
Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Before the woman left ,
I said to her, “My mother treated everyone kindly, she is a great person, but she passed away years
ago. you are like my mother,” the woman said, “ thank you. If you want to visit me, I’ll tell you
my story.” Then the woman left. After a long pause, I drove the taxi to go home.
Paragraph 2
The next day, I was on my way to visit her. The old woman told me that she used to be a millionaire.
She became immersed in making money. She was the owner of a particular building we saw last
篇五：浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作
一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Hey IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
（原创范文，仅供参考）
One possible version：
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)
【范文点拨】
(一)要点分析
1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，点明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
e skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。
2．第二段主要谈到了在16世纪，人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世纪之前，人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地总结了这些要点。
3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”
4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同，On the contrary引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得了一些支持。范文中的要点4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。
(二) 要点连接
文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小编认为，此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。
(三) 关键词汇
第一段：fixed (确定的；不变的)第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon (……之后；立即)第三段：long-lived (长期存在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) 第四段：warn sb off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gain some ground (取得优势)
以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键，如果不能准确领会其用意，语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。所以，概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，形成概要。
二、题型解读
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；
（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
（3）上下文的连贯性；
（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2考查能力
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
3写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
4.备考建议
概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意以下几点：
（1）积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。
（2） 进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如：
记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how
议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)
说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
新闻： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs
综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况，也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—读后续写
第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he w
ying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said.
“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked.and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitc抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound ossengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?” He thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” _____________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
篇六：读后续写6篇
一、读后续写（25分）
A farmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he
had no money. He had to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next
morning he took two baskets of vegetables to town. But it was raining hard that
afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village.
the ground and was going to help the person to get up. At that time he found it was a quickly, without taking the baskets with him.
the baskets, an officer asked, “Are these yours” “Yes, sir.” the farmer answered
timidly（胆怯地）. “Have you “When did you see the dead man” “About seven last evening.” “Did you see who
killed the man” “No, sir.” The officer brought out a knife and asked, “Have you seen it yet” “No, sir.” The officer becameand sent him into prison. the officer wanted to trap the farmer into the confession(供
认), but the farmer didn’t admit he was the murderer.
注意：
1. 所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again.
The farmer was lucky .A few days later,1
Possible answer:
Paragraph 1
The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. The
farmer was very afraid, he thought he would be sentenced to death by killing people, but he didn’t, he was innocent. He must tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice. he hoped that someone could come and save him.
Paragraph 2
The farmer was lucky .A few days later, a young man came to the police station
with a lot of journalists, saying that he saw the murderer. It was the police officer
who killed the man on the snow! He saw the police office used a knife killing the
man late in the evening. he was so frightened and ran away. But the young man
thought the farmer was innocent. So he took the great courage to expose the real
criminal. After the investigation, the young man was right. The police officer was sent into prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired, and the brave young man was regarded as the hero by the villagers
二、 读后续写（25分）
I was responding to a call from a small brick flat in a quiet part of town. I
assumed I was being sent to pick up some party-goers，or someone who had just had a fight with a lover，or a worker heading to an early shift at some factory for the
industrial part of town.
When I arrived at 2：30 a.m.， the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. Under such circumstances， （按喇叭） once or twice，wait a minute，then drive away. But I had seen too many weak people who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation.
Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to the door.
This passenger might be someone who needs my assistance，I reasoned to
myself. So I walked to the door and knocked. “Just a minute，” answered a frail，elderly voice. I could hear something being dragged across the floor. After a long pause，wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat ，like somebody out of a 1940s movie. By her side was a small nylon suitcase.
The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with sheets. There were no clocks on the walls， counters. In the corner was a cardboard box filled with photos and glassware.
2
“Would you carry my bag out to the car？” she said. I took cab，then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm，and we walked slowly toward the cab.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It's nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Having given me an address, a hospice , she asked. “Could you drive through downtown?” Paragraph 2: we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it…
Paragraph 1:
Having given me an address, a hospice , she asked. “Could you drive through downtown?” Asked why we didn’was the last chance for her to visit the city. We drove through the neighborhood
where she and her husband had lived. Besides, she asked me to slow in front of a
At last, she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice.
Paragraph 2:
we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it was a low building,
where the old lady would live the rest of her life. Two nurses who must have been When she asked how much she owed me, without thinking, I said nothing and bent wish.
三、读后续写（25分）
3
My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were limited, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look at least.
We finally did and it was love at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and happiness of the marriage within that
home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we
would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.
Days later, we made a(n) offer—far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they
didn’t laugh at us. They renewed their offer instead. It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.
The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a
much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the owners directly. We made our final offer, which still was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, but we had to try. Nobody knew if we could get it.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
We went to the owners’ home after we made our final offer, the other buyer came to visit the owners, he said the price he offered was much higher than ours, he begged the owners to sell it to him, then the owner asked the buyer, “why do you want this house?” the buyer said ,” because it is near the city, I want to buy it for investment. I can rent it to earn money…” the owner thought for a while and then looked at him and said, I’m sorry, sir, I can’t sell my house to you, because I am looking for
someone who truly loves my house, not just for money.”
4
Paragraph 2: The owner looked at us and said, “ I want to sell my house to you!” then he
explained: He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d appreciate the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the difference in the price “an early wedding present.” That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are kind they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met. 另一个购房者来到房主家，他说他出的价格要比我们高很多，他请求房主把房子卖给他，然后房主问他你为什么要卖我的房子 那个购房者说 因为房子在城市附近，我想卖了投资，我可以出租赚钱。那房主想了一会儿然后看着他说。对不起先生我不能把我的房子卖给你，因为我要找一个真正爱我的房子的人，不只是钱的问题。他知道把房子卖给我们他要损失一笔钱，但这是值得的，我们就是他们想要局长在这所房子的人，他告诉我们他就当把这差价作为我的结婚礼物。那就是我们找到家的过程，我也从中学到当人们山里的时候，他们就不是陌生人，只是我们还没遇见的朋友。
那个房主又看着我们说，我想把我的房子卖给你们，然后他解释说他看见我们一直坐在湖边，他知道我们是多么爱这个地方我们赞赏他们这些年对这座房子所投入的工作，他意识到把房子卖给我们他将损失很多，但这是值得的，我们是他们想让我们住在哪儿的人，他告诉我们那个差价作为我们结婚的礼物。
四、读后续写（25分）
A friend of mine, named Jack, received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Jack came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, sir?” he asked. Jack answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was
surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing? Sir, I wish…”He hesitated(犹豫),Jack thought of course he knew what the boy wanted, but what the boy said surprised him greatly. “I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Jack looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?” “Oh yes, I’dlove to ,”the boy answered. After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Sir, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Jack smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Jack was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
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篇七：英语作文扩写
英语 作文 托福——第一课：托福作文的基本情况
第一课 托福作文的基本情况
主讲：庄重
一、托福作文的评分系统
1、global scoring；
2、按照分数的档次来对分数进行微调的模式（微调范围：±1分）；
3、作文给评卷老师的基本印象决定档次分；
4、“不能在关键的地方犯恶心的错误”
（1）关键的地方：各段句首、文章末句
（2）恶心的错误：主谓不一致、时态问题（16种时态）、名词单复数问题
5、得0分的条件：不写、写中文、偏题很夸张（―评卷老师喜欢被轻微调戏的感觉‖）
6、“紧扣提纲、紧扣要求”：怎么问就怎么答（基本能得3+）
二、如何取悦评卷人：主观题
1、射中阅卷老师的―Achilles' Heel‖
2、满分作文的基本特征：
（1）清晰的整体脉络——结构
（2）自然的段间衔接——逻辑关系
（3）经典的用词造句
3、如何使用经典的用词造句
（1）动词的使用最能体现水平：n不能升级，v有时态变化，不可或缺
E.g. 吃：eat× consume√先consume后eat是可以的（动词的重复是最可悲的）
E.g.展示：demonstrate ！ show
“英语写作的表达之美在于用不同的单词表达相同的含义。”
（2）方法：注意近义词的积累（辨析、记录、造句能力）
E.g. 好的：fantastic /terrific /glorious/ perfect/ superb
（3）好的用句（只在英语中有的，汉语中没有的句式）最地道的句子
①It作形式主语/宾语：It is easy to learn English.
至少在文章中要写出这样一句话！！
②There be 句型：真正的大厨能将―白菜‖炒出―肉味‖
③倒装、强调、虚拟等句型
（4）名人名言的使用
①不准使用chinglish
②千万不能乱编（―锦上添花‖而已，能写就写）
③死穴：xxx said ×：直接引语
xxx believed √：观点、思想（但写特别出名的人，如林肯，的观点和思想的时候要谨慎）④可用于道德、爱心等高端话题时能引用的两个人：康德（Kant）和尼采（Nietzsche）
e.g. Kant believed that……
三、文化差异对托福应试写作的影响
1、必须要有清晰的结构
（1）观点鲜明的开头：美、中、俄三种思维方式（e.g.借橡皮上的直线思维、螺旋状和曲线）
（2）紧扣主题的结尾：点题
（3）有主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落：每段的第一句必须是核心句
2、必须要有统一的中心：美国人的思维是―A或非A‖，中国人是太极——白中有黑、黑中有白E.g. Can Money Buy Happiness?
有了钱，就能买10辆BMW，不同颜色的；
有了钱，就能在北京买1000平米的别墅；
有了钱，就能娶个像孙燕姿一样的老婆；
3、必须要有自然的衔接
（1）中文：意合语言——用意义的方式组合的语言，重意不重形；
英文：形合语言——重形不重意——类似―八股文‖
（2）―逻辑关系显性化‖：不能省略逻辑关系词
E.g.你走吧，because我不爱你了
外国人永远也不能理解中国的唐诗宋词的原因：例如李清照的《如梦令》
（3）衔接的技巧：
①使用重复词：概括重复、直接重复和齐头重复
A、概括重复
E.g. 第一段写北京的环境的变化
第二段开头：B、直接重复：例如文章都以Money开头
C、齐头重复：E.g. I have a dream……
②使用序数词：firstly, secondly……
③使用关联词：并联关系（and/or）、因果关系（because, since）、递进关系（what is more/ in addition/further/more）、转折关系（but/ however）和让步关系（although/ though）
E.g. Because of the heavy rain, he developed a high fever, and thus had to sleep at home. His absence resulted in the reduction of his pay.
*让步关系与转折关系的区别：转折是对某一个结论的否定，让步是对某一个正常推理的结果的否定；让步要比转折好，因为它体现一种民主（I don’t like her, but that is her life.）
E.g. It is true that…, but…
（4）左右：遣词造句能力的提升（把单词变成短语；不要写简单句）
E.g. They are poor. They are hungry.
They suffer from poverty. They struggle against starvation.
They suffer from poverty, struggling against starvation.
（5）右手：思维方式的改变（写作不是翻译，是思维的产物）
―你脑海中浮现的第一句话必然是最烂的。‖
E.g. We don’t tell others all the secrets.
We don’t let others know all the secrets.
We hide some secret from others.
Everyone has privacy.
四、平时训练写作水平的方法
1、写作的三个层次
（1）手中有文章，心中无文章；
（2）手中无文章，心中有文章；
（3）手中无文章，心中无文章；
2、只有先Input才能Output
（1）Reading：报纸、杂志（China daily、21st Century、《新东方英语》中学版 ）
E.g. ―没戏‖：I will think about it.
―如慈母般的关怀着我‖：She mothers me.（黛安娜王妃的弟弟在葬礼上的悼词）
―时光飞逝‖：My sands sneak swiftly.（借喻、拟人、押头韵的修辞格）
（2）Reciting：单词、短语、文章
①背单词：很重要，但要注意技巧，―多背多记，少背少得‖；
②背课文：新概念英语第三册：60篇→新概念英语第四册→俞敏洪托福100句（特难）
“成功的方法很简单，简单到好象每个人都能找到；但成功又很难，难在很少有人能坚持下来。” ③看电影：20遍《阿甘正传》、20遍《狮子王》、2遍《老友记》
E.g. a person is valued for what he is ,not for what he has.
No是绝对没有，Not yet是现在还没有，但就快有了；
Go to it, find yourself and be yourself.
（3）观察生活，勤于记录
E.g. 《美是主观的》：美感的刺激
Love is playing every game as if it were the last one.
Love is spending every day with you as if it were the last day.
To the world, maybe you are just one person, but someone who loves you, you are the whole world. 英语 作文 托福——第二课：作文的结构
第二课 托福作文的结构
*《新托福考试官方指南》P267—281
一、四类题型（前两类合称观点类，后两类合称阐释类）
1、Agree or disagree：同意 e.g. 孙燕姿很美丽。同意还是不同意？
2、A or B：二选一 e.g. 科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家的贡献大？
3、Compare and contrast：比较
4、Persuasive：阐释
二、观点类作文的写作
（1）第一段：存在分歧
①There is no consensus（一致的观点）among people as to（对于）such an argument[注意不要写成arguement]: …
②Some people 认为 (第一个档次think/ believe /consider/ argue)
[更高档次 claim/hold/ emphasize/ …]真正用的时候倒过来用！！
(对于第一人称I，最好的搭配是I believe …)
③ ,while others may not agree。
e.g.:对于是住在城市还是农村，第一段是这样的：
There is no consensus among people as to such an argument：where to live-in the city or in the country. Some people maintain that …, while others may not agree.
（2）第二段：加上我的观点
①―我认为‖——From my personal angle alone,
②―同意‖的几种说法：Agree with ：客观同意
Side with ：主观偏袒
E.g. I had to side with him, but I agree with you.
③The former/latter point coincides with mine （与我不谋而合）
④列举reasons：3个
For one thing,……(句子). For another,……. What is more,…….
On one hand,……. On the other hand,……. Moreover,…….
⑤Therefore, I can take it for granted （不言而喻）that…
总结起来说，第二段是这样的：
From my personal angle alone, the former/latter point coincides with mine.
For one thing,……. On one hand,…….
For another,…….或者 On the other hand,…….
What is more,……. Moreover,…….
Therefore, I can take it for granted that….
（3）第三段：总结，综上所诉
第三段要这样写：
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw a conclusion that…
当然可以举出几点原因，但一定要简单。字数够了的话就不要举了。
（4）第四段：喊口号结尾
①倒装句喊口号法：Only…, can we….
E.g.: Only in this way, can we have a bright future.
②虚拟语气喊口号法：It is high time that + 一般过去时（这真是到了现在该做……的时候了） E.g.: It is high time that we should protect the environment.
③名人名言喊口号法：
E.g. As an old saying goes, “….”
*改变是必要的：“所谓万能的东西一般不是最好的。”
其他几种开头：
E.g. ①For most of the time, we are always on the arduous journey in seeking for the answer of this question:….
②My answer is yes/no, simple yet candid.
其他几种结尾：
E.g. ①环境类 The environment should be of the people, by the people and for the people. (环境应该是名有，名有治，名享的)
②父母子女关系 Love your parents in time, for we can never reply from paradise.
Love your parents in time, there is a fault called miss. (有一种过错叫错过)这句话可以在国内考试里用。 ③爱心话题 Maybe the individual influence of any effort of belief would not be any output(影响)
because of its inborn limit, but the society can be and should be more mutually considerate among every single soul.
三、阐释类作文写作
①提纲比较随意；结构没有观点类文章那么固定，观点类可以准备的八九不离十
②与前一种文体有千丝万缕的联系；
*五种分类：举（现象）、说（原因）、谈（感受）、论（影响）、提（建议）
*谈感受与观点类作文没有区别；
1、举现象
（1）注意举例词
单举：For example, …
For instance…
A case in point… 【……is a case in point; A case in point is……】
连举：For example… and… also… even
E.g.在广州街上，钱包被人抢了，掏出手机报警手机也被抢了，他还回头冲我笑，说有种你来追我→广州治安很不好
（2）把握逻辑关系
E.g. 贝多芬的母亲
How I finance my college education?
问家里要；贷款；打工
2、说原因
There are many reasons for such a phenomenon. [注意衔接]
升级之后这句话变为：A number of factors give rise to such a phenomenon.这就是托福史上说原因最精彩的一句话。但是要注意，give rise to带有贬义，对于举不好的现象非常合适；如果是好现象，建议改为 contribute to .
说完之后呢，就要展开来举这些原因了：
For one thing, …For another, … What’s more,…
当然展开之后不要忘记总结：
Therefore, all these reasons lead to the phenomenon.注意，前面是用give rise to,现在就要换成其他的啦
3、谈感受（与―观点类‖同）
4、论影响
展开来讲的部分都差不多，都是For one thing…For another…What’s more…，差异就在第一句话！ 第一句话The influence of … has become more obvious at the moment.
接着展开For one thing…For another…What’s more…
5、提建议
一句特别好的开头：
There is no immediate solution to such a problem, but the following suggestions might be helpful.
*Might体现一种谦虚、客观、缓和的语气语调。
接着展开一样For one thing…For another…What’s more…
*总结：阐释类文章的万能开头的锻造
（1）with the rapid developments of modern society, …has been brought into focus recently.这句话用烂了，所以别再用了改一下吧。
（2）Because of/ Thanks to the rapid developments of modern society, …has been brought into focus recently.
四、记叙性段落的写作
1、记叙事件的五个因素
（1）必须要有深刻的中心内涵：思想和深度
E.g. Spring out→登山：Teamwork sprite
Team: Together Everyone Achieve More
*延伸：Family→Team→…
（2）副词的恰当使用
E.g. 骑马登玉龙雪山→Conquer
Unfortunately Leisurely（怡然自得地） Suddenly
（3）记叙文的六大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过、结果
（4）时态问题：通常采用一般过去时，若用到插叙，则采用过去完成时
（5）详略把握得当：与中心相关则详写，反之则略
整体轮廓上来说没有什么可以研究的，我们研究几个细节。
记叙片段的第一句话 曾几何时：There was a time when……
e.g. There was a time when we knew nothing about the world
拓展一下
现在某个时候：There is a time when…
王菲的《红豆》的托福作文版翻译：There are times when I can take it for granted that everything will come to the end.
往事如烟：The past has turned into ash.
尘归尘，土归土：Dust to dust, ash to ash.
2、记叙事物
（1）抓住被描述事物的本质特征
E.g. Air conditioner is a kind of machine which can cool the air.
Love is a kind of feeling that…
Roommate is a person who lives with you and shares everything with you.
Friendship is a kind of relation which involves sincerity, mutual trust, and self-sacrifice.
*You go your way and I go mine.
If you love somebody badly, let her goes freely.
（2）抓住描写顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序
3、记叙人物
（1）选材是记叙人物的核心
E.g.103题：Starting from failure
爱迪生 与 勾践
（2）人物要能引起共鸣
（3）要能说明问题
五、今日美句推荐
1、The environment should be of the people, by the people, and for the people.
环境应当是民有、民治、民享的。
2、Maybe the individual influence of any effort or belief would not be any output because of its inborn limit, but the society can be and should be more mutually considerate among every single soul.
也许每个人的努力和信仰由于与生俱来的局限性，将不会对社会造成任何的影响，然而社会能够并且应当在每一个灵魂之间构筑更多的相互关怀。
英语 作文 托福——第三课：升级句子的技巧和方式
第三讲(第三讲与第四讲主要是升级句子的一些技巧和方式！！)
1 定语从句与同位语从句的两大差别：
一：定语从句对名词起修饰和限定的作用
同位语从句对名词起解释说明的作用
二：定语从句去掉引导词必缺少一部分
同位语是完整的部分